Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. This study goes beyond previous local studies by including analysis of the chemical composition of the renal calculi. A better understanding of the physico chemical principles underlying the formation of calculus has led to a need for more precise information on the chemical composition of stones. There are two basic aspects in the pathogenesis of renal stones. There was however no data on the chemical composition of renal calculi from the population of western maharashtra, thus the present pilot study was undertaken to qualitatively analyze the renal stones with the relationship between the sex, age group and location of uroliths in patients of urolithiasis and gather some information in this regard. Urolithiasis analysis in a multiethnic population at a. Methods fiftyeight urinary calculi belonging to saudi n46 and nonsaudi n12 patients resident in aljouf province of saudi arabia were used for chemical analysis.
Chemical analysis of stones and its significance in urolithiasis. The stone composition may also influence the choice of urologic intervention. All the stones contained oxalate 100% and calcium was present in 99. The study concluded that it is important to know the chemical composition of stone as it is useful in advising people. This suggests cystine stones may easily be confused with urate stones if submitted to chemical analysis only. Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of kidney stone. Your doctor will talk with you about treatment and prevention measures. Analysis of renal stones may help in elucidating the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. Bacteriology and chemical composition of renal calculi. To study the biochemical analysis of kidney stone by using ftir spectroscopy in the patients with renal calculosis.
A better understanding of the physicochemical principles underlying the formation of calculus has led to a need for more precise information on the chemical composition of stones. Effective treatments have included liquid supply and alkalization of urine 3, and only in. Bacteriology and chemical composition of renal calculi accompanying urinary tract infection seema golechha, aruna solanki. Qualitative chemical analysis and incidence of renal stone disease results. Dec 01, 2012 numerous approaches are available to analyze kidney stones. A better understanding of the physio chemical principles underlying the formation of kidney stone has led to a need for more precise information on the chemical composition of stones. Chemical analysis of renal stones for oxalate calcium magnesium, ammonium and phosphate were performed as described by bradley and schurnann. Classification of renal stones according to chemical composition as detectable by dualenergy ct stone type, stone subtype calcium stones, calcium oxalate noncalcium stones uric acid cystine hydroxyapatite infective stones mixed stones cystine and hydroxyapatite uric acid and hydroxyapatite a fig. Qualitative analysis of human kidney stone samples using.
Pdf chemical analysis of stones and its significance in. Urinary stone prevalence is estimated at 3% in all individuals, and it affects up to 12% of the population during their lifetime. There are many advances in genetics, pathophysiology, diagnostic imaging, medical treatment, medical prevention, and surgical intervention of nephrolithiasis. The results were further compared based on the crew members. Melaminetainted milk affected tens of thousands of chinese children during 2008 to 2009 causing altered renal function due to the formation of kidney stones 1.
A combined qualitative and quantitative procedure for the chemical analysis of urinary calculi which is. Raman chemical imaging, a new tool in kidney stone structure. Genetic versus environmental factors in renal stone disease. Kidney stone analysis techniques and the role of major and trace. The presence of stones in the urinary tract increases the likelihood of infection because. A combined qualitative and quantitative procedure for the chemical analysis of urinary calculi which is suitable for routine use is presented. A better understanding of the physiochemical principles underlying the formation of kidney stone has led to a need for more precise information on the chemical composition of stones. Morphological characteristics and microstructure of kidney stones. Drinking enough fluids will thin out your urine and make it harder for chemicals to build up and form crystals.
The routine, easy and rapid measurements give unambiguous. The information of chemical composition of renal stones is essential for knowing their etiology. The chemical analysis of kidney stones has shown that 90. Kidney stone disease, also known as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material kidney stone develops in the urinary tract. After surgery, the extracted stones were analyzed by using xray diffraction. Finally ftir spectral results were compared with the biochemical analysis result to confirm the chemical constituents present in the renal stones. A system of interpretation of infrared spectra of calculi for routine use in the clinical laboratory. It is based on analysis of 95 renal stones received in a private lab in kathmandu over a period of 1. The composition of renal stones analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Raman chemical imaging showed a good accuracy in comparison with infrared spectroscopy in identifying components of kidney stones. The results of in vivo multidetector ct and ex vivo chemical analysis were compared. And the therapy for the stone disease is usually based on the analysis of calculi, permitting a porper management of the disease and the prevention of its recurrence. There was however no data on the chemical composition of renal calculi from the population of western maharashtra, thus the present pilot study was undertaken to qualitatively analyze the.
Wet chemical analysis wa is the most widely employed technique. Recurrence rates are estimated to be as high as 50%, giving credence to the old adage once a stone former, always a stone former. Stone analysis may miss the original nidus as many as 10% of the stones formed by cystinurics contain no detectable cystine milliner ds, 1990, endocrinol metab clin north am 19. Aug 03, 2018 raman chemical imaging showed a good accuracy in comparison with infrared spectroscopy in identifying components of kidney stones. The aim of this paper is to compare chemical spot test with ftir spectroscopy, for. Chemical analysis of stones and its significance in urolithiasis pushpa durgawale, anissa shariff, anup hendre, sangita patil, ajit sontakke. A study of the chemical composition of renal stones is important for understanding their etiology. Accurate stone analysis distinguishes genuine stones from a range of artefactual materials such as unidenti. Renal stone disease, chemical analysis, dietary habits. A combined qualitative procedure for the chemical analysis of renal stone which is suitable for routine use is presented. Eighty percent of patients with kidney stones have a history of recurrent stone formation. It is important to study the chemical composition and morphology of kidney stones as elemental composition of the stone as well as the function. By analysis of 100 stones the chemical composition. Chemical analysis of renal stones kashif bangash, farwa shigri, ahsan jamal, khursheed anwar pakistan institute of medical sciences islamabad, krl hospital islamabad background.
Diagnosis and initial management of kidney stones andrew j. Pdf determination of the chemical constituents of kidney stones aids to establish the etiology of stones disease. The aim of the study is to assess the composition of renal stones by non chemical analysis that is by use of computed tomography ct values in hounsfield units hu and to compare the results of biochemical stone analysis collected post surgically done in biochemistry lab. Novel methods of determining urinary calculi composition. Nephrolithiasis, renal calculi, chemical composition, morphology. Significance of analysing chemical composition of renal stones. A combined qualitative and quantitative procedure for the. The analysis of chemical composition of renal stones showed that all the analysed. The routine, easy and rapid measurements give unambiguous information. To study the biochemical analysis of kidney stone by using. It is not uncommon for a stone to contain more than one crystalline component. Effects of water uptake on melamine renal stone formation. There was no statistical difference in chemical composition of the stones when comparing patients by age or gender. The formation of stones in the urinary tract stems from a wide range of underlying disorders.
Stone analysis testing methods chemical methods destructive and need several mg of sample cannot distinguish mineral constituents with. Best practice no 181 journal of clinical pathology. The therapy for the renal stone disease is also based on analysis of calculi, and by the help of chemical composition, proper management of the disease, and prevention of its recurrence is possible. Renal stone analysis my side of the story dr mick henderson biochemical genetics leeds teaching hospitals trust. Laboratory evaluation of kidney function sarah hackenmueller, phd clinical chemistry fellow may, 20. This is a prospective study, included patients in age group of 25 60yrs. Determination of renal stone composition with dualenergy. Genitourinary imaging determination of renal stone. Research on urinary stones has been performed continuously. Determination of renal stone composition with dualenergy ct. Analysis of chemical composition of urinary calculi can provide guidelines for the conservative management, as to avoiding the precipitating factor in diet, such as, redmeat for uric acid stones, tomatoes for oxalate stones and milk for calcium phosphate stones. The composition of the nidus center may be entirely different from that of the peripheral layers. Analysis of biochemical profile of renal stones referred to.
Analysis by principal investigator next, the samples were sent to earth for chemical analysis. Noncrystalline materials found in stones include proteins and blood. Kidney stone analysis is a test done on a kidney stone to see what chemicals are in it. The composition of urinary calculi stones may vary from a simple crystal to a complex mixture containing several different species of crystals. The determination of crystalline and molecular composition and the quantification of all stone components are important to establish the etiology of stones disease but it is often laborious to obtain using the chemical method. Comparison of infrared and wet chemical analysis of urinary tract calculi. This study compared the use of 2 methods for the analysis of renal stones.
Increased urinary excretion of stone forming elements like calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, oxalate, and cystine 2. Urine analysis appearance or color specific gravity ph leukocyte esterase nitrites urobilinogen bilirubin glucose ketones. Analysis of biochemical profile of renal stones referred. Kidney stones are a common illness with multifactorial etiopathogenesis. In cystinecontaining stones identified by chemical analysis, urate was a major component while cystine was a minor component. Chemical and morphological analysis of kidney stones. Analysis of chemical composition of urinary calculi from. The most common crystalline materials found in kidney stones are calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and struvite. Pakistan has probably one of the highest incidences of renal stone disease. Dualenergy low and highenergy attenuation ratios measured with the phantom were less than 1.
Investigation of urinary crystals by fourier transform infrared microscopy. Your healthcare provider can test your stones to find what type you have. The principal investigator pi studied the urine chemistry of the crew members to determine the risk of renal stone development in each individual. The chemical analysis of renal stones showed that 90. Investigation of renal calculi 1urine analysis and urine culture it may show crystals, red blood cells, andor pus cells in urine 2stone analysis chemical analysis of stones is a simple test but is not an accurate method. Today, up to 12% of men and 5% of women will develop at least one kidney stone by age 70. The composition and quantitative analysis of urinary. Pichette v, bonnardeaux a, cardinal j, houde m, nolin l, boucher a, ouimet d.
Stereoscopic analysis of calculi stained with fluorescent alendronate probes. Department of biochemistry, krishna institute of medical sciences and research centre, karad, india. Fluorescencebased probe analysis of renal stones at the macroscopic level produced inconclusive results. The aim of this paper is to compare chemical spot test with ftir. Evaluation of the chemical composition of renal stones. Ftir spectroscopy has been used for urinary stones analysis. In the wet chemistry method, dissolved stone material were analysed using automated chemistry analysers, whereas, the dry method involved spot colour endpoint detection. Kidney stones arup laboratories university of utah. Chemical analysis of stones and its significance in. Analysis of renal stones is still carried out in many. Stone formation requires the formation of a nidus in the urinary tract, trapping of that nidus, and accretion upon the nidus to form a crystal structure large enough to cause clinical symptoms or be detected on imaging.
A knowledge of chemical composition of renal stones may be of great importance both as a guide for the clinical management and also for better understanding of. Raman chemical imaging, a new tool in kidney stone. Pdf chemical analysis of kidney stones in northern jordan. Department of pharmaceutical technology, niet, knowledge parkii, greater noida, uttar pradesh, india.
Chemical analysis of a kidney stone shows the type of stone which can guide treatment and give information that may prevent more stones from forming. This analysis was also useful in determining the organization of components within stones, which help locating constituents in low quantity, such as nuclei. A problem with these methods is that their inter pretation is subjective, and practice is needed if reliable results are to be obtained. Information on the composition of renal calculi is important in understanding the pathophysiology of urolithiasis. Eighty percent of patients with kidney stones have a. Ct studies, the stone was subjected to chemical composition analysis using. Analysis of renal stones by ftir spectroscopy springerlink. Although investigators in previous studies have assessed the chemical compositions of renal stones in vitro 6 9, to our knowledge, the researchers in only one study 10 have presented findings from in vivo dualenergy ct assessment of renal stone composition with postoperative ex vivo xray diffraction validation of those findings. Low fluid intake a low fluid intake results in the production of concentrated urine, causing supersaturation and crystallisation of stone forming compounds. Infected stones may lead to urosepsis and death 12. In vivo evaluation of the chemical composition of urinary.
Although quantitative wa identifies the common stone components, it may miss rare and unidentified materials. Knowing the type of kidney stone helps guide the best treatment choice. The incidence of kidney stones, an extremely painful urologic disorder associated with significant morbidity, has been increasing in the u. Pdf significance of analysing chemical composition of renal. The test is done on a kidney stone that has been passed in the urine or removed from the urinary tract during surgery. This analysis was also useful in determining the organization of components within stones, which help locating constituents in. Acute kidney failure was reported in cats and dogs fed melaminetainted pet food, which eventually caused their death 2. About 80% of kidney stones are made of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or a combination of both. One method is qualitative dry spot tests whereas the other is quantitative wet chemistry. The incidence in males and females was in the ratio of 3. Kidney stone disease is a common health problem in industrialized nations. That clinicians look for the underlying causes for nephrolithiasis is imperative to direct management.