Pdf determination of the chemical constituents of kidney stones aids to establish the etiology of stones disease. This is a prospective study, included patients in age group of 25 60yrs. Your healthcare provider can test your stones to find what type you have. There was however no data on the chemical composition of renal calculi from the population of western maharashtra, thus the present pilot study was undertaken to qualitatively analyze the renal stones with the relationship between the sex, age group and location of uroliths in patients of urolithiasis and gather some information in this regard. Analysis of chemical composition of urinary calculi can provide guidelines for the conservative management, as to avoiding the precipitating factor in diet, such as, redmeat for uric acid stones, tomatoes for oxalate stones and milk for calcium phosphate stones. Nephrolithiasis, renal calculi, chemical composition, morphology.
In the wet chemistry method, dissolved stone material were analysed using automated chemistry analysers, whereas, the dry method involved spot colour endpoint detection. It is important to study the chemical composition and morphology of kidney stones as elemental composition of the stone as well as the function. Investigation of renal calculi 1urine analysis and urine culture it may show crystals, red blood cells, andor pus cells in urine 2stone analysis chemical analysis of stones is a simple test but is not an accurate method. Urinary stone prevalence is estimated at 3% in all individuals, and it affects up to 12% of the population during their lifetime. Novel methods of determining urinary calculi composition. Noncrystalline materials found in stones include proteins and blood. Laboratory evaluation of kidney function sarah hackenmueller, phd clinical chemistry fellow may, 20. Kidney stone disease is a common health problem in industrialized nations. Infected stones may lead to urosepsis and death 12. Bacteriology and chemical composition of renal calculi accompanying urinary tract infection seema golechha, aruna solanki. Accurate stone analysis distinguishes genuine stones from a range of artefactual materials such as unidenti. Melaminetainted milk affected tens of thousands of chinese children during 2008 to 2009 causing altered renal function due to the formation of kidney stones 1.
The aim of this paper is to compare chemical spot test with ftir spectroscopy, for. The results of in vivo multidetector ct and ex vivo chemical analysis were compared. Evaluation of the chemical composition of renal stones. Effective treatments have included liquid supply and alkalization of urine 3, and only in. Chemical and morphological analysis of kidney stones. Urine analysis appearance or color specific gravity ph leukocyte esterase nitrites urobilinogen bilirubin glucose ketones. Acute kidney failure was reported in cats and dogs fed melaminetainted pet food, which eventually caused their death 2. Although investigators in previous studies have assessed the chemical compositions of renal stones in vitro 6 9, to our knowledge, the researchers in only one study 10 have presented findings from in vivo dualenergy ct assessment of renal stone composition with postoperative ex vivo xray diffraction validation of those findings. Stereoscopic analysis of calculi stained with fluorescent alendronate probes. The chemical analysis of kidney stones has shown that 90.
After surgery, the extracted stones were analyzed by using xray diffraction. Eighty percent of patients with kidney stones have a history of recurrent stone formation. Knowing the type of kidney stone helps guide the best treatment choice. Analysis of biochemical profile of renal stones referred to. Aug 03, 2018 raman chemical imaging showed a good accuracy in comparison with infrared spectroscopy in identifying components of kidney stones. The determination of crystalline and molecular composition and the quantification of all stone components are important to establish the etiology of stones disease but it is often laborious to obtain using the chemical method. Department of biochemistry, krishna institute of medical sciences and research centre, karad, india. Pdf significance of analysing chemical composition of renal. Analysis by principal investigator next, the samples were sent to earth for chemical analysis. Analysis of biochemical profile of renal stones referred. It is based on analysis of 95 renal stones received in a private lab in kathmandu over a period of 1. The composition and quantitative analysis of urinary. Dualenergy low and highenergy attenuation ratios measured with the phantom were less than 1.
Best practice no 181 journal of clinical pathology. And the therapy for the stone disease is usually based on the analysis of calculi, permitting a porper management of the disease and the prevention of its recurrence. In the wet chemistry method, dissolved stone material were analysed using automated chemistry analysers, whereas, the dry method. This study goes beyond previous local studies by including analysis of the chemical composition of the renal calculi. The composition of the nidus center may be entirely different from that of the peripheral layers. Raman chemical imaging, a new tool in kidney stone. This analysis was also useful in determining the organization of components within stones, which help locating constituents in low quantity, such as nuclei.
Recurrence rates are estimated to be as high as 50%, giving credence to the old adage once a stone former, always a stone former. Chemical analysis of stones and its significance in urolithiasis pushpa durgawale, anissa shariff, anup hendre, sangita patil, ajit sontakke. The therapy for the renal stone disease is also based on analysis of calculi, and by the help of chemical composition, proper management of the disease, and prevention of its recurrence is possible. Analysis of chemical composition of urinary calculi from. Ftir spectroscopy has been used for urinary stones analysis. Eighty percent of patients with kidney stones have a. Pdf evaluation of the chemical composition of renal stones. The most common crystalline materials found in kidney stones are calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and struvite. Chemical analysis of stones and its significance in urolithiasis.
Analysis of renal stones by ftir spectroscopy springerlink. Effects of water uptake on melamine renal stone formation. All the stones contained oxalate 100% and calcium was present in 99. There was no statistical difference in chemical composition of the stones when comparing patients by age or gender. Renal stone analysis my side of the story dr mick henderson biochemical genetics leeds teaching hospitals trust.
In cystinecontaining stones identified by chemical analysis, urate was a major component while cystine was a minor component. Finally ftir spectral results were compared with the biochemical analysis result to confirm the chemical constituents present in the renal stones. Genetic versus environmental factors in renal stone disease. By analysis of 100 stones the chemical composition. Ct studies, the stone was subjected to chemical composition analysis using. Kidney stone analysis is a test done on a kidney stone to see what chemicals are in it. The aim of the study is to assess the composition of renal stones by non chemical analysis that is by use of computed tomography ct values in hounsfield units hu and to compare the results of biochemical stone analysis collected post surgically done in biochemistry lab.
The test is done on a kidney stone that has been passed in the urine or removed from the urinary tract during surgery. It is not uncommon for a stone to contain more than one crystalline component. Pdf chemical analysis of kidney stones in northern jordan. The stone composition may also influence the choice of urologic intervention. Stone formation requires the formation of a nidus in the urinary tract, trapping of that nidus, and accretion upon the nidus to form a crystal structure large enough to cause clinical symptoms or be detected on imaging. A better understanding of the physico chemical principles underlying the formation of calculus has led to a need for more precise information on the chemical composition of stones. Stone analysis may miss the original nidus as many as 10% of the stones formed by cystinurics contain no detectable cystine milliner ds, 1990, endocrinol metab clin north am 19. This analysis was also useful in determining the organization of components within stones, which help locating constituents in. Investigation of urinary crystals by fourier transform infrared microscopy. Although quantitative wa identifies the common stone components, it may miss rare and unidentified materials. Morphological characteristics and microstructure of kidney stones. The information of chemical composition of renal stones is essential for knowing their etiology. A better understanding of the physicochemical principles underlying the formation of calculus has led to a need for more precise information on the chemical composition of stones. Information on the composition of renal calculi is important in understanding the pathophysiology of urolithiasis.
The presence of stones in the urinary tract increases the likelihood of infection because. A better understanding of the physio chemical principles underlying the formation of kidney stone has led to a need for more precise information on the chemical composition of stones. To study the biochemical analysis of kidney stone by using ftir spectroscopy in the patients with renal calculosis. There was however no data on the chemical composition of renal calculi from the population of western maharashtra, thus the present pilot study was undertaken to qualitatively analyze the. Kidney stone disease, also known as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material kidney stone develops in the urinary tract. The principal investigator pi studied the urine chemistry of the crew members to determine the risk of renal stone development in each individual. Fluorescencebased probe analysis of renal stones at the macroscopic level produced inconclusive results. Genitourinary imaging determination of renal stone.
Kidney stones are a common illness with multifactorial etiopathogenesis. To study the biochemical analysis of kidney stone by using. Chemical analysis of renal stones for oxalate calcium magnesium, ammonium and phosphate were performed as described by bradley and schurnann. Classification of renal stones according to chemical composition as detectable by dualenergy ct stone type, stone subtype calcium stones, calcium oxalate noncalcium stones uric acid cystine hydroxyapatite infective stones mixed stones cystine and hydroxyapatite uric acid and hydroxyapatite a fig. The analysis of chemical composition of renal stones showed that all the analysed. Determination of renal stone composition with dualenergy ct.
The composition of urinary calculi stones may vary from a simple crystal to a complex mixture containing several different species of crystals. A combined qualitative procedure for the chemical analysis of renal stone which is suitable for routine use is presented. A system of interpretation of infrared spectra of calculi for routine use in the clinical laboratory. The aim of this paper is to compare chemical spot test with ftir. Research on urinary stones has been performed continuously. Raman chemical imaging showed a good accuracy in comparison with infrared spectroscopy in identifying components of kidney stones. Methods fiftyeight urinary calculi belonging to saudi n46 and nonsaudi n12 patients resident in aljouf province of saudi arabia were used for chemical analysis.
The results were further compared based on the crew members. Analysis of renal stones is still carried out in many. A combined qualitative and quantitative procedure for the. Analysis of renal stones may help in elucidating the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. Pakistan has probably one of the highest incidences of renal stone disease.
Kidney stone analysis techniques and the role of major and trace. The incidence in males and females was in the ratio of 3. A study of the chemical composition of renal stones is important for understanding their etiology. Renal stone disease, chemical analysis, dietary habits. Chemical analysis of stones and its significance in. The incidence of kidney stones, an extremely painful urologic disorder associated with significant morbidity, has been increasing in the u.
The study concluded that it is important to know the chemical composition of stone as it is useful in advising people. Diagnosis and initial management of kidney stones andrew j. Determination of renal stone composition with dualenergy. The composition of renal stones analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Pichette v, bonnardeaux a, cardinal j, houde m, nolin l, boucher a, ouimet d. Stone analysis testing methods chemical methods destructive and need several mg of sample cannot distinguish mineral constituents with. Your doctor will talk with you about treatment and prevention measures. Kidney stones arup laboratories university of utah. The formation of stones in the urinary tract stems from a wide range of underlying disorders.
There are two basic aspects in the pathogenesis of renal stones. Pdf chemical analysis of stones and its significance in. This study compared the use of 2 methods for the analysis of renal stones. Qualitative analysis of human kidney stone samples using.
Comparison of infrared and wet chemical analysis of urinary tract calculi. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. Raman chemical imaging, a new tool in kidney stone structure. Drinking enough fluids will thin out your urine and make it harder for chemicals to build up and form crystals. Department of pharmaceutical technology, niet, knowledge parkii, greater noida, uttar pradesh, india. Wet chemical analysis wa is the most widely employed technique. A better understanding of the physiochemical principles underlying the formation of kidney stone has led to a need for more precise information on the chemical composition of stones. Low fluid intake a low fluid intake results in the production of concentrated urine, causing supersaturation and crystallisation of stone forming compounds. One method is qualitative dry spot tests whereas the other is quantitative wet chemistry. That clinicians look for the underlying causes for nephrolithiasis is imperative to direct management. Significance of analysing chemical composition of renal stones. Bacteriology and chemical composition of renal calculi. A knowledge of chemical composition of renal stones may be of great importance both as a guide for the clinical management and also for better understanding of. A combined qualitative and quantitative procedure for the chemical analysis of urinary calculi which is.
Chemical analysis of renal stones kashif bangash, farwa shigri, ahsan jamal, khursheed anwar pakistan institute of medical sciences islamabad, krl hospital islamabad background. The routine, easy and rapid measurements give unambiguous information. A combined qualitative and quantitative procedure for the chemical analysis of urinary calculi which is suitable for routine use is presented. The routine, easy and rapid measurements give unambiguous. Chemical analysis of a kidney stone shows the type of stone which can guide treatment and give information that may prevent more stones from forming. A problem with these methods is that their inter pretation is subjective, and practice is needed if reliable results are to be obtained. Urolithiasis analysis in a multiethnic population at a. In vivo evaluation of the chemical composition of urinary. About 80% of kidney stones are made of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or a combination of both. The chemical analysis of renal stones showed that 90. This suggests cystine stones may easily be confused with urate stones if submitted to chemical analysis only. There are many advances in genetics, pathophysiology, diagnostic imaging, medical treatment, medical prevention, and surgical intervention of nephrolithiasis. Qualitative chemical analysis and incidence of renal stone disease results. Today, up to 12% of men and 5% of women will develop at least one kidney stone by age 70.