Except for water vapor, whose atmospheric abundance varies from practically zero up to 4%, the fractions of the major atmospheric components n 2, o 2, and ar are remarkably uniform below about 100 km. Responding to heat from the sun and other influences, water from oceans, rivers, lakes. Hydrosphere structure and its relationship to the global. These engaging worksheets, diagrams, and activities are designed to facilitate independent learning. The solid component of earth is called lithosphere. Through this process, the water cycle purifies the gaseous atmosphere. General awareness play a vital role in all examination. Food chain phytoplankton copepod fish squid seal orca f. As a result, earths atmosphere has a distinctly different composition from that of other. Due to these changes development of living world take place on the earth. The element that is abundant in the hydrosphere is a composition of hydrogen and oxygen. The vertical structure of atmosphere is very much related to radiant energy absorption and thus can be described in terms of variable of temperature.
The lithosphere is subdivided into tectonic plates. The hydrosphere is the liquid water component of the earth. It is composed of different types of rocks which, as a whole, has the density and composition of granite. It includes the oceans, seas, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams. They include the physics of the atmosphere, synoptic meteorology, dynamic. The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a. Ecosystem habitat, niche and interactions between organisms b. Vertical structure of composition 80km up to 500km heterosphere homosphere dominated by lighter gases with increasing altitude, such as hydrogen and helium. Earth s atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 0.
Chapter 1 composition and structure of the atmosphere understanding weather and climate aguado and burt 12008 version atmo 0 definitions atmosphere the gases, droplets and particles surrounding the earths surface. Choose your answers to the questions and click next to see the next set of questions. The lithospherecontains all of the cold, hard solid land of the. The air has a special place among the conditions necessary for life. The crust is relatively thin and has probably been recycled and destroyed by strong tectonic movements and impacts of asteroids that were common in the early solar system. The envelope of air around the earth forms the atmosphere. The hydrosphere greek hydor water and sphera sphere refers to the water on or.
The load of pollutants discharged in the air is also diluted, chemically modified and is. It is the typical structure and composition of earths atmosphere which is responsible for creating conditions suitable for the existence of a healthy biosphere on this planet. The presentday water cycle at earths surface is made up of several parts. Composition of life 95% is carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur.
Thus the term includes the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, snow and ice, underground and atmospheric water. The biosphere, though primarily h2o in composition, contains very little. Elements and minerals necessary for animal functions e. Hydrosphere, region of water at or near earths surface containing all. Atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere with diagram. Parts of the earths crust immersed under the oceans and seas form the hydrosphere. Thus, hydrosphere includes two major biocycles, the freshwater and marine. Without the protective layer of gases that make up earths atmosphere, the harsh conditions of the solar system would render the planet a barren, lifeless husk like the moon.
The inorganic metabolites required by living organisms. Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss phenomena in the atmosphere and the various techniques used to study them is very wide indeed. Dec 31, 2015 atmosphere our planet earth is enveloped by a deep blanket of gases extending several thousands of kilometres above its surface. The main divisions of the atmosphere are defined by the elevations at which the sign of the temperature gradient changes. A surfer rides a wave in the pacific ocean near big sur, california. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The uppermost part of the lithosphere that chemically reacts to the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere through the soil forming process is called the pedosphere. Overview of water pollution university of richmond. The biosphere pyramid equilibrium balance sustainable ecosystem. The hydrosphere contains all the solid, liquid, and gaseous water of the planet. Thus the term includes the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, snow and ice, underground and. Niche interactions of an organism with its habitat 3.
Here we have given geography study notes on structure and composition of biosphere for ssc cgl. The outer layer is the earths crust the lithosphere. Chapter 1 composition and structure of the atmosphere. The action of both evaporation and wetland swamps serves to remove a large portion of atmospheric pollutants from the atmosphere i. Mineral nutrients, gases and water are three basic requirements of organic life. Pdf the chemistry of processes in the hydrosphere researchgate.
Structure and composition of lithosphere free download as powerpoint presentation. Structure of the atmosphere, conduction, convection, radiation. What is the structural composition of hydrosphere 1 oceans earth. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The hydrosphere is a major habitat which actively influences the distribution of chemical. Structure of the atmosphere north carolina climate office. Habitat where an organism lives, its environment 2. In banking and other competitive exams like rrb, cds, lic ao, rbi, ssc, upsc, fci, uiic, oicl, sbi clerks and po the questions on structure and composition of biosphere are being asked. The hydrosphere, or water sphere, mostly covers the depressions of the lithosphere.
Oceans and seas are the prevailing components of the hydrosphere on the earth. The hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. Earths structure basic definition, examples, diagrams. Icse solutions for class 9 geography earths structure. Overview of water pollution 16 27 composition of the hydrosphere. Pdf the hydrosphere greek hydor water and sphera sphere refers to the water on. The chemical formulas at the right show the major species of interest in the various regions. Structure and composition of biosphere ecological system.
The oceans represent about 71 per cent of the globe and therefore contain the great bulk of the water. You will learn the definition of a hydrosphere and take a quiz to test your knowledge. The way the atoms join together, or create the structure of the molecule, produces that water has fundamental properties for the development of life on earth. Anthropogenic effects role of biosphere in climate a. Composition of the earths crust the earths crust is the layers of earth on which occur all forms of life occur by humans. The structure of hydrosphere out of the 72% of water found in the earth. A presentation on the structure and composition of lithosphere. Meteorology the science that studies the atmosphere and its processes. Some 496,000 cubic km about 119,000 cubic miles of water evaporates from the land and ocean surface annually, remaining for about 10 days in the atmosphere before falling as rain or snow. Water is the most abundant substance at the surface of earth. Although earths hydrosphere has been around for about 4 billion years, it continues to change in shape. It consists of all nonliving elements which are essential for the survival of all living organisms. Structure and composition of lithosphere rock geology.
The structure of the atmosphere dictates the way the atmosphere behaves and controls how weather develops near the surface of the earth. Definition of the hydrosphere if you look at earth from outer space, one thing is obvious. The cycle operates by exchanging carbon between hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Mechanically, it can be divided into lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesospheric mantle, outer core, and the inner core. Basharat mushtaq the ionosphere is defined by atmospheric effects on radiowave propagation as a result of the presence and variation in concentration of free electrons in the atmosphere ionosphere dregion is about 35 to 55 miles 60 90 km in altitude but disappears at night. In the structure and composition of biosphere, the nitrogen cycle plays a very important role. By far the most important overall process for the major constituents of groundwater is that of mineralwater reactions, which were briefly described above in river and ocean waters. Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earths surface, making them the. Hydrosphere plays an important role in the existence of the atmosphere in its present form. This is a bundle of 5 lessons to teach middle school or high school students about the structure, composition, and layers of the atmosphere, as well as weather, atmospheric cycles, and climate change. Hydrosphere what is, characteristics, how it was formed. The hydrologic, or water, cycle is one of the basic processes in nature. The hydrosphere is made up of the water bodies on the surface of the earth.
This gaseous cover of the earth is known as the atmosphere. The earths atmosphere protects and sustains the planets inhabitants by providing warmth and absorbing harmful solar rays. Outline of topics 1 the hydrosphere the hydrologic cycle. The water of the hydrosphere is distributed among several different stores found in the other spheres. It regulates the temperature of the planet by transporting energy by means of sensible heat and latent heat. Atmosphere composition and structure notes the domain of air on the earth geography 9 atmosphere composition and structure earth is a unique planet because the life is found only on this planet.
Pdf water is by far the most abundant liquid on earth. Much smaller land areas are occupied by lakes, reservoirs and rivers about 2. All of these trace gases have important effects on earth s climate. Earth system composition and structure of the atmosphere zaitseva nina. Thus, the composition of groundwaters strongly reflects the types of rock minerals that the waters have encountered in their movement through the subsurface. The hydrosphere means the sum total of all liquid components, i. The hydrosphere greek hydor water and sphera sphere refers to the water on or surrounding the surface of the globe, as distinguished from those of the lithosphere the solid upper crust of the. Icse solutions for class 9 geography earths structure icse solutionsselina icse solutionsml aggarwal solutions exercises i. In other word, all the natural waters occurring on or below the surface of the earth is known as hydrosphere.
Hydrosphere structure, basic components, interrelationships, global hydrological cycle, role of individual components. The lithosphere includes a various number of different landforms such as mountains, valleys, rocks, minerals and soil. Vuglinsky state hydrological institute, russian federation,russia keywords. Water is found in vapor, liquid and solid states in the atmosphere. Earths structure shortcut the earth is made up of several concentric layers. Structure and composition of the atmosphere chemistry. A small portion of the water in the hydrosphere is fresh nonsalty. Composition and structure of the earths atmosphere. The composition of water, its temperature and ph value was analyzed in experiments with modelling of primary hydrosphere and possible conditions for origin of first organic forms in hot mineral water. Having covered most of the important concepts in lithosphere and hydrosphere, in this article, we are going to discuss the composition and structure of the earths atmosphere in detail. Information about forces operating inside the earth is taken by the study of seismic waves, materials thrown up by volcanoes and. Structure of the hydrosphere learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. At greater heights, diffusion becomes the principal transport process, and the lighter gases become relatively more abundant. Heat in the atmospherehydrosphere system soest hawaii.
Ifor most purpose, we consider the homosphere virtually the entire atmosphere. Compare the composition, properties and structure of earths atmosphere to include mixture of gases and differences in temperature and pressure within layers. Earth system nikita glazovsky encyclopedia of life support systems eolss up to about 100 km the atmosphere is fairly homogeneous in its chemical composition. Some amount of water is also found in the rocks and much exists in the form of water vapour in the atmosphere. Hydrosphere, discontinuous layer of water at or near earths surface. Globe 2014 introduction 2 hydrosphere the big picture the hydrologic cycle water continually circulates between earths surface and atmosphere in what is called the hydrologic cycle.
Since 23 of the earth is covered by water, the earth is also called the blue planet and the watery planet. Compared to the earths radius, the atmosphere appears to be only a very thin layer of gases. It is a term used for the total body of water of the earth. The crust is the outermost solid layer of the earth. The water cycle in the earths hydrosphere allows for the purification of salt water into freshwater. However, the composition of atmosphere and so also its structure is variable in time and space. Chemically, earth can be divided into the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. The hydrosphere covers about 70% of the surface of the earth and is the home for many plants and animals. Feb 26, 2014 a brief desciption about the structure and composition of earths lithosphere. Lake waters constitute a reservoir of freshwater and their composition is dependent. Ice consists a pure solid and has thus only few impurities in its structure. The hydrosphere interacts with, and is influenced by, all the other earth spheres. We commonly think of gas molecules as moving about in a completely random manner, but the earths gravitational field causes downward motions to be very slightly favored so that the molecules in any thin layer of the air collide more frequently with those in the layer below. What is the structural composition of hydrosphere 1 free download as word doc.
This part of the atmosphere continually circulates, so that the principal atmospheric gases are well mixed. The lithospherecontains all of the cold, hard solid land. Atmosphere our planet earth is enveloped by a deep blanket of gases extending several thousands of kilometres above its surface. Earths lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the earth. Structure and composition of biosphere geography study. Earths environmental spheres earths environment includes the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere, and the biosphere. Composition and structure of the earths atmosphere clear ias. A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet.
The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water on, under, and over the surface of the earth. Fish and wildlife servicecraig blacklock the hydrosphere, like the atmosphere, is always in motion. The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not eureka. Clearias team has been receiving a lot of support and encouragement from our loving readers for our easytounderstand articles on geography. The hydrosphere extends from earths surface downward several kilometers into the lithosphere and upward about 12 kilometers into the atmosphere. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Overview of water pollution structure and composition of the hydrosphere overview of water pollution 1 27.
Geography study notes on structure and composition of. It includes all liquid and frozen surface waters, groundwater held in soil and rock, and atmospheric water vapour. Soils have properties of color, texture and composition. Like land lithosphere and water hydrosphere, the atmosphere is an integral part of the earth. Feb 17, 2011 the hydrosphere interacts with, and is influenced by, all the other earth spheres. The lithosphere is constantly changing due to forces and pressures such as the sun, wind, ice, water and chemical changes. Name the sources of information about forces operating inside the earth. The earths surface is composed into two types of lithospheres. Water is held in oceans, lakes and streams at the surface of the earth. Hydrosphere structure, basic components, interrelationships, global hydrological cycle, role of individual components contents 1. Hence the layer lining the continents floor is called.